Biology - Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Explore Plant Structure: Tissues, Dicot vs Monocot, and Secondary Growth
1. Tissue Systems Overview
| Tissue | Types / Components | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Meristematic Tissue | Apical, Lateral, Intercalary | Responsible for continuous cell division and plant growth |
| Xylem | Tracheids, Vessels | Transports water and minerals from roots to other parts |
| Phloem | Sieve Tubes, Companion Cells | Transports food (sugars) throughout the plant |
💡 Quick Tip: Xylem moves water upward, while Phloem transports food in both directions.
2. Important Questions & Answers
Q1. What is meristematic tissue?
Answer: Meristematic tissue consists of actively dividing cells responsible for plant growth. It is mainly found at the tips of roots and shoots.
Q2. Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues?
Answer: Because they are made up of different types of cells that work together as a unit to perform transport functions.
Q3. Explain the structure and function of stomata.
Answer: Stomata are tiny pores found on the leaf surface, surrounded by guard cells.
Functions:
Functions:
- Gas exchange (CO₂ and O₂)
- Regulation of transpiration
Structure of Stomata
Q4. Difference between dicot stem and monocot stem?
Answer:
- Dicot Stem: Vascular bundles arranged in a ring (open type)
- Monocot Stem: Vascular bundles scattered (closed type)
Q5. What is cambium and its role?
Answer: Cambium is a lateral meristem responsible for secondary growth, increasing the thickness of stem and roots.
Q6. Difference between Spring Wood and Autumn Wood?
Answer: Spring wood has larger cells formed during active growth, while autumn wood has smaller, thick-walled cells formed later.
Q7. Difference between Heartwood and Sapwood?
Answer: Heartwood is the hard inner dead part, while sapwood is the outer part responsible for water transport.